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Locator Strategies

ID, CSS, XPath, ARIA role, text, data-testid, and shadow-DOM-piercing locators, from trivial to deliberately brittle.

Five buttons share one class and no unique attribute — practice `nth-of-type` and structural CSS.

An element with no id, no class, no data-testid — only its text and position identify it.

Every page load, the server mints a fresh random id/class — a hardcoded locator breaks on the very next run.

A button with a stable, unique `id` — the friendliest locator there is.